DHEA-Sulfate (DHEA-S) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that serves as a precursor to more potent androgens like testosterone and estradiol. This test measures the level of DHEA-S in the blood to evaluate adrenal gland function and androgen production. Elevated DHEA-S levels can indicate adrenal gland disorders, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or androgen-producing tumors, while low levels may suggest adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism. This test is particularly useful for investigating the cause of hirsutism (excessive hair growth) and virilization in women, as well as evaluating fertility issues, amenorrhea, and polycystic ovary syndrome. DHEA-S levels naturally decline with age, so results must be interpreted in the context of the patient's age and gender.