Adiponectin is a protein hormone produced by fat cells (adipocytes) that plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and fatty acid breakdown. This test measures adiponectin levels in the blood to evaluate metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, helping the body use glucose more efficiently and reducing inflammation. Low adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. High levels are generally protective and associated with better metabolic health. Adiponectin levels tend to decrease as body fat increases, particularly with abdominal obesity. This test is commonly ordered when evaluating metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, or when investigating the underlying causes of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Understanding adiponectin levels can help assess metabolic risk and guide lifestyle and treatment interventions.